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The most important and complex issue in a divorce case is ‘Child Custody’. Both husband and wife, use child custody as a medium to establish the guilt and fault of the other party.

In India, Guardian and Wards Act, 1890 is empowered to determine the issue of child custody.

Generally, the court has the power to grant the following:

(a) Permanent Custody

(b) Interim Custody

(c) Visitation Rights

(a) Permanent Custody

The court awards permanent custody after determination of all aspects of the case. Usually, prime criteria is the “welfare of the child.”

While deciding the ‘welfare of the child’, the court mainly considers following factors:

i. The qualification of both father and mother.

ii. Family background of the both father and mother, which includes their financial and academic qualifications

iii. Child’s wishes

iv. Conduct of the parties

v. Overall development of the child.

(b) Interim Custody

The court awards interim custody during the pendency of the case keeping in mind the overall development of the child. While granting interim custody, the court tries to maintain balance between the husband and the wife and also remains cautious that the child is not treated as a shuttlecock between the estranged spouses.

The court also imposes certain conditions for the welfare of the child like not leaving the country without informing the court, to protect the interest of another party.

(c) Visitation Rights

The Court grants visitation rights at two stages, at the stage of the trial, and after the determination of the dispute (divorce in most of the cases). Once one of the spouses gets the permanent custody, other spouse has a right to meet the child once a week or as directed by the Court. The object of the court is to maintain the emotional bond between the child and parents.

Conclusion

In matrimonial proceedings, the court has to decide the question of custody of children during the pendency of the proceedings and after the passing of a decree. The court can revoke, suspend or vary, any such order made earlier on the change of circumstances. While adjudicating upon the custody of a child, the court has to keep in mind the welfare of a child. Though court considers other factors as well, however, welfare of the child is of utmost consideration. Usually, in female child custody cases, the courts give custody to the mother as at the age of puberty, girl child needs the mother’s care. Thus, over and above, welfare of the child is the influential factor while deciding the custodial rights.

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A person will generally file a medical malpractice suit with a lawyer if they feel they have received substandard care by any healthcare professional, like a doctor or dentist, that has directly resulted in economic or physical damages to them personally or a family member. When discussing what substandard care this generally means care that has violated the normal medical practices. In order to show medical malpractice there has to be three factors, which include a direct causal link, liability, and damages. For you to meet the requirements of liability, it must be proven a professional relationship existed between the provider of health care and you. Meeting this requirement is rarely a problem but being able to prove it was substandard care could be a little difficult. It depends on what the violation was.

Economic damages, injury, or suffering must be shown and be the direct result of the negligence. Most all parts of medical care have risks even if proper care is taken. Unless your lawyer can prove negligence from an outcome that turned out bad from the procedure or medical care alone, are not the grounds for a malpractice suit. When talking medical malpractice it can take on different forms. Some examples include:

• Not diagnosing a disease that is life-threatening
• Medication errors
• Surgical errors
• Delivery room or prenatal care
• Failure to give the correct follow-up care
• Anesthesia miscalculations

According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, approximately two hundred twenty-five thousand deaths happen each year because of medical malpractice. This makes it the third biggest cause of death in the United States. Approximately nine percent are caused by medication errors, miscellaneous errors, or unnecessary surgery. About eighty-two percent are due to contacting an infection while in the hospital or adverse reactions to medications.

It is harder to file a malpractice suits against hospital employees than against private physicians. Certain members of the staff in the hospital are often provided by private contracts so in these instances the contractor and negligent party is named in the medical malpractice suit and not the hospital. When there are multiple parties that are affected by the same negligent group it makes more sense to bring a class action suit, which can list hundreds or more plaintiffs. If the case is won then the monetary award, after paying court costs and legal fees, is distributed to the plaintiffs.

The laws that govern medical malpractice suits will vary in each state and may require different or additional criteria. When choosing a lawyer make sure that they specialize in this field of law.

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Now that we’re into 2018, it’s vital if you’re a nonprofit leader, fundraiser, or board member to understand what the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act may do to the philanthropic sector. Keep in mind that this is the first major overhaul of tax regulation in more than a generation, so it’s going to have wide-ranging impact. Lawyers and accountants have been working overtime to understand the implications for the new tax law and the IRS is gearing up to get ready for what is going to be an interesting tax season.

If work or lead a charitable organization, you need to be aware of the reality that the new law is expected to affect your fundraising efforts adversely. In other words, you need to speak to your professional advisors, and you should get your team together to prepare an all-hands on deck approach to ensuring the ongoing sustainability of your organization as donor giving patterns will undoubtedly change.

• The Council on Foundations released a statement that said the following, “Today’s passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act will result in a decrease of $16-$24 billion in charitable giving every year, significantly decreasing the philanthropic sector’s ability to provide resources and services to people across the United States and abroad.”
• The most significant reason for the expected drop in charitable giving in 2018 is because the majority of individuals and families will no longer itemize deductions on their tax return. Because the standard deduction was doubled ($12,000 for individuals and to $24,000 for married couples), the average taxpayer will no longer be itemizing, and thus the charitable deduction disappears for many families when filing taxes–meaning the tax incentive for them is gone.
• Since 2018 is the first year under the new Tax Cuts and Jobs Act law, most families will not have a full understanding of how their tax obligations will be shaping up until more months pass, and they file their taxes. That means the uncertainty will likely begin to depress charitable giving as early as the beginning of the year. This may also include major donors who are financially comfortable but did not do any tax planning preparation in December of 2017 to see the full impact of the tax laws on their households.
• The estate tax threshold level has increased under the new law from $5.5 million to $11.2 million for individuals and $22.4 million for families. Without getting into too much of the details, the reason why this can adversely impact charitable giving is that families have less of a reason to give their money to charity as opposed to their heirs. Because they can now transfer higher amounts to heirs, those who have assets in the low millions are more likely to bequeath it to their families or heirs as opposed to give to charity because so they can minimize estate taxes.

The reality is that 2018 is going to be a significant year for nonprofits and it’s essential that organizations understand how the new tax law will affect them and also charitable giving. If fundraising dollars decrease, which is expected, then most nonprofits, which already survive with slim margins will have a tougher year. Tough decisions will have to be made if donor dollars dry up such as shutting down programs or eliminating staff. Planning will make all the difference.

What’s important at this time is to get your facts and eventually to message appropriately with your supporters. Your donors want to help you and a lot of the reasons they do come from the heart and not from the head or because of a charitable deduction or estate planning. But, if you’re a nonprofit leader, you would be foolish if you didn’t take into account that your donors have to think about how the new tax law will affect their families and may well pause so they can get a better handle on what’s happening in their finances and taxation.

Understand the trends and how thought leaders are addressing the expected drop in funding, and inevitable decrease in services that could follow. Speak to your peers in the industry and also speak to your supporters. Figure out ways to give donors the space they need to understand their tax issues, but also continue to help your organization. It’s essential as a nonprofit leader to have frank conversations and be open about the choppy waters that may lie ahead.

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Sexual harassment is a crime according to state and federal laws. The law basically defines sexual harassment as unsolicited and unwelcome sexual advances. It doesn’t have to involve physical touch or action to be categorized as harassment. This can occur at the workplace, hospital, school, gym, shopping center, and even at home. When it comes to sexual harassment cases, males and females, adults and children, employees and managers, groups and individuals, and anyone else can be guilty. Gender, age, and power can all differ from case to case.

Sexual harassment can come in many forms as well, including physical, verbal, emotional, and even visual. A licensed and experienced sexual harassment lawyer regularly handles multiple types of cases involving unwanted sexual conduct and abuse.

Examples of Such Cases Include:

Unwanted Sexual Solicitation

Violent Sexual or Physical Contact

Inappropriate Touching

Stalking

Sexual Pestering

Derogatory Comments or Jokes

Sexual Gestures

Verbal Sexual Abuse

Sexual or Obscene Letters, Emails, or Text Messages

Showing Sexually Suggestive Photos

Obsessive Staring

Verbal Sexual Propositions

Making Threats after Sexual Refusal

Offering Payment or Job Promotion for Sexual Favors

Harassment at Work

A person is being sexually harassed at work, it is standard for them to report the abuse to the company’s Human Resources Department. These types of departments typically have a system in which they investigate and manage harassment claims within the company. In the case that a company does not have such a department, it is common for employees to address the issue with their direct chain of command. In cases that the direct chain of command happens to be the abuser, a person should call an Indianapolis harassment lawyer instead. In other instances, managers and supervisors can be ineffective at putting a stop to sexual advances in the workplace. This is another time where a licensed lawyer would be advantageous.

Hire a Lawyer

If you are currently experiencing harassment, it is important to keep a detailed record of the events that take place so that you can build a stronger case against your abuser. Record dates, times, and descriptions of any inappropriate conversations, come-ons, solicitations, behavior, and more.

To learn more about the behaviors that establish sexual harassment, or the penalties of these behaviors, talk to a trusted and experienced lawyer right away. They have the knowledge and resources to help you gain a full understanding of your situation and your legal options.

A reputable sexual harassment lawyer cab help recover compensation for the following harassment damages:

• Pain and Suffering
• Mental Anguish
• Emotional Trauma
• Restraining Orders
• Post-Traumatic Stress
• Relocation
• Therapy

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